Sovereign Nation Era Ends 1800-1827
1813-1814
Red Stick rebellion
Muscogee Creek Upper Towns in Georgia and Alabama lead a resistance movement to support traditional culture and preservation of communal lands and resist further American encroachment and land cessions. This movement leads to internal tensions within Creek Lower and Upper Towns, leading to the outbreak of the Creek War in 1813. Eventually, the internal Muscogee conflict draws in U.S. forces. The Red Sticks in southern Alabama attack Americans at Fort Sims.